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Spreadsheet Algebra


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Spreadsheet Algebra

Using spreadsheets to improve students' understanding of algebra.

Spreadsheet algebra is a very powerful tool that can be used to teach algebra to students of ALL abilities.
Contents
1 Main Section
2 Examples
3 Probes & Prompts
4 Taking Action
5 Case Studies
6 Research Sources

Main Section

Spreadsheet algebra is a very powerful tool that can be used to teach algebra to students of ALL abilities and all ages. Adult learners, in particular will love the practical applications that using formulae in a spreadsheet may bring.  They may not even know you are talking about algebra unless you say so!  And when they do know they will be really impressed!

The major reasons for this are:

  • It is a genuine example of how algebra is used in the “real world”
  • It reinforces the concept of a variable
  • It reduces the likelihood of numerical errors obscuring the underlying mathematics 
  • It emphasises the importance of correct syntax

Many students do not see the ‘point’ of algebra. However, they are aware that they may need to use a spreadsheet after they’ve left school and entered the world of work and so may be more willing to learn mathematics in this “real-world” environment. Students may also be more willing to engage with algebra as a spreadsheet with formulae, that automatically calculate based on given inputs, is obviously more useful than one with fixed calculations in it.

Many students do not fully understand the concept of a variable. The use of x as the unknown is alien to many students and can produce problems. This is not helped by the fact that many students’ first experience of algebra is to solve equations. The result is that they see x as an unknown quantity whose value should be found as opposed to a variable. A formula in a spreadsheet changes when the variable(s) are changed: this allows students to observe how the output of a function varies as the input varies. It can be further reinforced if sliders or scroll-bars are added (on MS Excel this can be achieved by using the “Forms” toolbar). An additional advantage is that instead of typing in the cell-reference when entering a formula you can just click on the cell you want. This almost makes algebra a physical activity, where you ‘point’ at the variable you want (the Little Britain approach to algebra: “I want that one”).

Students can often miss the point when investigating mathematical ideas because a numerical error is giving a false result which is obscuring the mathematics. When using a spreadsheet as a tool to investigate an area of mathematics students can rely on the numerical values of calculations and therefore focus their attention on trying to identify and understand any relationships.

The correct syntax for written algebra can be confusing: you don’t write a multiplication sign, 2 + 3x means multiply by 3 first, etc. Spreadsheet algebra has a slightly different syntax (though helpfully still uses BIDMAS). This is analogous to learning a foreign language: it will have different grammatical rules, but learning these will improve your understanding of grammar in both of the languages and emphasise why it is important. Learning spreadsheet algebra will improve students’ understanding of the syntax of written algebra.

Examples

  • Setting up an order form that will calculate total cost when different quantities of products are ordered.
  • Solving equations by trial and improvement.
  • Investigating reverse percentages – what is the cost of an item without VAT?
  • Solving simultaneous equations by trial & improvement and elimination.
  • Setting up a spreadsheet that solves the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, when the values of a, b and c are entered in separate cells.
  • Setting up a spreadsheet that calculates mean (and standard deviation) from a frequency table.
  • Investigating sequences and series.
  • Investigating exponential growth and decay.
  • Multiplying and finding the inverse of a matrix.

Probes & Prompts

Taking Action

Why not ring the changes in the ubiquitous "let's plan a holiday" project in adult numeracy classes.  By using live spreadsheet for the calculations, you can help learners see patterns when you change the variables, e.g. numbers of people going, price ranges, etc.

Case Studies

One of the most outstanding numeracy sessions I observerd (as an inspector) was in an an adult community evening class setting.  The mixed ability group was working on a project to do with house prices in their area and the things they needed to know about making choices between renting and buying.  A learner who was confident with ICT used a spreadsheet to record the different aspects of the housing (size, location, price range, costs when sharing with differerent numbers of people, etc.) and produced graphs for her fellow learners to use.

Research Sources

Categories

Pedagogy

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